The top 5 questions for Dermatologists

This is one of the most common questions dermatologists are asked, and the answer is surprisingly simple: sun protection.

Why? Because ultraviolet (UV) radiation is responsible for the majority of visible skin ageing. In fact, more than 80% of common signs of skin ageing are linked to cumulative sun exposure.

These signs include:

• Wrinkles and fine lines
• Loss of skin firmness and elasticity
• Uneven pigmentation and sunspots
• Facial redness and visible blood vessels
• Rough, leathery skin texture
• Yellowing or thickening of the skin

Daily sun protection is the single most effective step you can take to maintain healthy skin and reduce your risk of skin cancer.

Yes.

Sunburn is only one sign of UV damage. Even when sunlight is not strong enough to cause visible redness or burning, UV radiation can still penetrate the skin and cause long-term damage to skin cells.

This damage accumulates over time and contributes to:

• Premature ageing
• Pigmentation changes
• Loss of skin elasticity
• Development of skin cancers

For the best protection, dermatologists recommend combining:

• Broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen
• Protective clothing
• A wide-brimmed hat
• Sunglasses
• Seeking shade during peak UV periods

Sun protection should be practiced year-round, not just during summer.

Not directly.

The primary role of a moisturiser is to help the skin retain water and maintain a healthy skin barrier. This reduces dryness, irritation, and flaking.

Well-moisturised skin often appears:

• Smoother
• Fresher
• More radiant
• Less lined

However, moisturisers do not reverse or prevent skin ageing in the same way that sun protection or prescription treatments can.

When choosing a moisturiser, focus on how it feels on your skin.

A good moisturiser should:

• Be comfortable to wear
• Absorb well into the skin
• Leave your skin feeling soft and hydrated
• Suit your skin type

More expensive does not necessarily mean better. Many affordable brands produce excellent moisturisers that are backed by years of research and clinical use.

Not necessarily.

While some moisturisers contain sunscreen, they are often applied too sparingly to provide the level of protection stated on the label.

Dedicated sunscreens are specifically formulated and tested to provide reliable UV protection. They also include information about:

• Broad-spectrum UVA and UVB coverage
• Water resistance
• Duration of protection

If sun protection is a priority, a dedicated broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sunscreen should form part of your daily skincare routine, regardless of whether your moisturiser contains SPF.

One of the most exciting developments in dermatology is our growing understanding of how sun exposure and environmental factors damage skin cells and accelerate ageing.

As a result, there is increasing interest in ingredients that help protect and repair the skin.

Retinol (Vitamin A Derivatives)

Retinols are among the best-studied skincare ingredients. They can:

• Stimulate collagen production
• Improve fine lines and wrinkles
• Refine skin texture
• Reduce pigmentation irregularities

Prescription-strength retinoids continue to be a cornerstone of evidence-based anti-ageing skincare.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)

Niacinamide has become increasingly popular because it is well tolerated by most skin types and offers multiple benefits, including:

• Supporting the skin barrier
• Reducing redness and inflammation
• Improving uneven pigmentation
• Helping regulate oil production
• Enhancing overall skin health

Many modern sunscreens, moisturisers, and cosmetic products now incorporate niacinamide and other antioxidants to provide additional skin benefits.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps protect the skin from free-radical damage caused by UV radiation and environmental pollutants. It also plays an important role in collagen production and can help improve uneven pigmentation.

While Vitamin C is a popular ingredient in skincare products, it can be difficult to formulate effectively because it is naturally unstable and may lose potency when exposed to air, heat, or light. As a result, the effectiveness of topical Vitamin C products can vary considerably.

For most people, we recommend obtaining Vitamin C primarily through a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables, including:

• Citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, and grapefruit
• Berries
• Kiwi fruit
• Tomatoes
• Capsicum (bell peppers)
• Broccoli and other green vegetables

These foods provide Vitamin C alongside other important nutrients and antioxidants that contribute to overall skin health and general wellbeing.

If dermatologists had to choose just three skincare essentials, they would be:

1. Daily broad-spectrum SPF 50+ sun protection
2. A moisturiser suited to your skin type
3. Evidence-based active ingredients such as retinols and niacinamide, when appropriate

Healthy skin doesn't require an elaborate routine. Consistent sun protection and a simple, scientifically proven skincare regimen will deliver far greater benefits than the latest fad or expensive miracle cream.